多个脑转移的单个同中心高清动态放射外科手术（HDRS）

Prior to the first treatment, the brain SRS plan check and QA check was performed using Mobius3DFX QA software and a ‘20 cm slabs’ phantom with Gafchromic EBT3 film concurrently. Mobius3DFX has an independent beam model based on collapse cone dose calculation algorithm, to check target coverage and OAR DVH limits. A dose grid of 2 mm and 3D gamma criteria of 3%/2mm ≥ 95% were used.

Following this, triple channel film dosimetry analysis was performed with lateral response artifact correction. At this center, a pass rate of >95% has been achieved with 2D gamma criteria of 2%/2 mm using FilmQAPro software and with 3D gamma criteria of 3%/2 mm using the Mobius3DFX software. Quality assurance using the Mobius3DFX software was also performed for the remaining fractions using log files.

Treatment commenced on the 30th October 2017, with the subsequent fractions delivered on the 1st and 3rd November 2017. Prior to each fraction, an XVI VolumeView™ image was performed for isocentric and anatomical verification; with automatic bone registration completed, translation and rotational errors calculated, and manual adjustments made as required. HexaPOD™ table shifts for each day are shown in the table below.

HexaPOD table shifts prior to treatment delivery

Each fraction was delivered within a 15-minute timeslot. Total treatment time for each consecutive fraction was 12 minutes, 12 minutes and 14 minutes.

A post-treatment brain MRI scan was performed on 25th January 2018, three months following the previous scan. The ovoid extra-axial, dural-based mass in the right occipital lobe could be seen, associated with areas of internal susceptibility and surrounding oedema. Measuring 3.4 x 2.6 cm, this lesion appeared stable in size, compared to the previous scan, with continued surrounding oedema. However, there appeared to be decreased peripheral vascularity around this lesion. The smaller enhancing dural node in the right temporal lobe also appeared stable in size, measuring 0.7 x 0.6 cm, with decreased peripheral enhancement compared to the prior study. Similarly, the intra-axial node in the right hemi-pons, measuring 0.6 x 0.6 cm, appeared stable in size with decreased internal enhancement.

Although there is little change in size of these three brain metastases, the interval decease in enhancement compared to the previous pre-treatment MRI scan is suggestive of disease response. For frameless brain SRS/SRT, immobilization of the head with a stereotactic grade mask, such as Fraxion, is critical and enabled us to position the isocenter with minimal error. In our experience, the shifts required for longitudinal and pitch errors are the largest. This is likely due to sag on the treatment table and/or possible head tilt/motion. The use of a good IGRT workflow and the HexaPOD evo RT patient positioning system, with sub-millimeter patient positioning accuracy, enabled corrections to be made in six degrees of freedom, which was of particular value for the pitch error. The use of Monaco, with the rapid and accurate Monte Carlo dose calculation algorithm, together with the high available modulation that can be achieved using Monaco and Agility (where the mechanism of the MLC leaves and the dynamic jaws produce a ‘virtual leaf width’ of as little as 1 mm) allows highly accurate dose calculation, even for very small targets (~1.0 cc). These features eliminate the need for stereotactic cones or add-ons for treating single small targets.

使用两毫米的边缘来解释因素，例如面罩中的潜在患者运动，小靶标或距离等异中心的距离（> 4厘米）。此外，在一项回顾性研究中，Choi等人发现，局部控制有所改善，而两毫米的边缘与没有边缘1相比。

1. Choi，C.Y.H等人（2012年）的术后切除腔bob足球平台的立体定向放射外科手术：对肿瘤控制中靶缘的前瞻性评估。Int J辐射Oncol Biol Phys 84（2）：336-342。

For small field treatments delivering high doses per fraction, it is advantageous to use high dose rate delivery at some segments. Versa HD high dose rate (6 MV FFF) is able to deliver 1400 MU/min, which enables faster treatments and, thus, reduces the risk of intrafractional motion. The combined accuracy of Monaco, Versa HD (with FFF) and HexaPOD, along with the use of a 2 mm GTV margin, enabled us to use a single isocenter, multi-focal SRS technique to treat multiple brain metastases as the primary option for this patient, instead of whole brain radiotherapy. This combination offers a much more versatile and efficient treatment compared to other brain SRS techniques, which are mainly designed for single or few targets, allowing all three targets to be treated within three standard 15-minute timeslots, with improved patient comfort and reduced risk of intra-fraction patient movement.